Throughout human history, law and religion have had an intimate—and at times fraught—relationship. Yet despite statements of religious neutrality, freedom, and secularism, many nations today continue to encounter conflicts over religion and law. This course explores this entangled relationship in the past and present by charting the twinned histories of law and religion, the evolution of church and state separation, and the relationship between state law and ethical civil society. We conclude the course by contemplating key issues as they surface in the media today from healthcare and reproduction, to marriage and equality, to legislative bans against sharīʾa.